Today I attended an interesting seminar on how to teach children with autism.

The seminar featured a film. It was on a method the son-rise method can provide amazing results ..
The documentary depicted the fantastic progress of a child which came to a center where they used the training method called son-rise.
I must say that the results show in the film were quite amazing.

If I would attempt an analysis of the method from a pedagogical standpoint I would say that pedagogy is inspired by the sociocultural perspective where view things from a group perspective and how the surroundings of the individual effects the learning situation. It also feels like it draws inspiration from the pedagogy that studies the internal cognitive development of the individual such as Piaget. It also feels as the sonrise method places a lot of emphasis on seeing the possibilities of the individual rather than seeing the individual as just another child which has a disorder called autism. The staff in the movie sees the individual by learning to know each child that comes to the center and tailoring a training programme for that particular individual rather than using a standard programme which has the same structure for every child.

If you which to know more about this method you can check out:
The autism treatment center.

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Writen by: Rikard Grossman-Nielsen
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How microprocessor perform I/O mangament:polling, direct memory acess and interrupts

This post will be abou the first method called polling. The next two posts will cover the other methods.
The first method is called polling. Polling is also called programmed I/O, and it’s also the simplest one to implement from a hardware perspective. I/O units are connected to the system data and an address buss in a  regular fashion trough necessary circuitry. Depending on the type of microprocessor they can also be connected to certain lines on the control buss.

The goal with a communication schedule is to have a well ordered procedure to decide what I/O unit is to be served by the processor next. Polling is a synchronous method since it doesn’t interrupt the program which is currently executed by the microprocessor. When polling is used the microprocessor will on regular intervals ask each unit connected to the data buss if it needs to be served.  The sensing if a unit needs to be served is in practice done by sensing a flag bit in the status registry of the unit.

The advantages of polling are:
1. It requires very little hardware and no dedicated lines.
2. it’s synchronous with the execution of the prgoram. This is a big advantage since the programmer know s exctly when an external unit is polled and who long time it takes to serve that unit.

The disadvantages of polling are:
1. It requires special hardware if interrupt management is to be done outside the microprocessor.
2. Each time an interrupt is made, there’s an overhead time to manage the interrupt

Description of polling techonology

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